Knowledge Center

A-Z List of Resources An alphabetical listing of resources collected by the AETC-NMC.

The following resources are available from the AETC Capitol Region Telehealth Project's Knowledge Center as well as repository locations of our collaborative partners. Materials are listed alphabetically.

A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z

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A

• 2012 East Coast Migrant Stream Forum: October 18 - 20, 2012
  This conference, to be held in Virginia Beach, is for health care providers and outreach workers serving migrant and seasonal farmworkers.
• 2001, Mental Health: Culture, Race, and Ethnicity Supplement: A report of the Surgeon General
  This report was issued and which documented the extensive disparities in mental health status and treatment among the four most recognized minority racial and ethnic groups in the US and which proposed a number of public health policy initiatives including culturally competent care.
• 2012 Profile of HIV/AIDS in Michigan. Special Populations: Arab-Americans
  Source: Pubmed 2010
• Accessing primary care: HIV+ Caribbean immigrants in the Bronx
  This article describes an ecology of health seeking behavior among Bronx-residing HIV+ Caribbean immigrants participating in an arm of a U.S. government-funded multi-site evaluation of peer services in the utilization of HIV primary care.
  Source: PubMed August 2010
• Access to regular HIV care and disease progression among black African immigrants
  The objective of this study wass to describe the characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected black African immigrants living in King County,Washington. Authors evaluated delay in HIV diagnosis, access to HIV care, and risk of progression to AIDS or death. Once having initiated HIV care, African-born blacks accessed HIV care and progressed to AIDS at similar rates compared to U.S.-born individuals. However, African-born blacks initiated care with more advanced HIV disease. Results underscore the need for health interventions promoting HIV testing among black African immigrants and reducing barriers to HIV testing.
  Source: PubMed December 2009
• Access To Medical Care For Individuals With Mobility Disabilities (ADA Act 2010)
  Accessibility of doctors’ offices, clinics, and other health care providers is essential to providing medical care to people with disabilities. Due to barriers individuals with disabilities are less likely to get routine preventive medical care than people without disabilities. The Americans with Disabilities Act defines requirements for accessible medical facilities. This technical assistance publication provides guidance on meeting those requirements.
• Acupuncture and the relaxation response for treating gastrointestinal symptoms in HIV patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy
  This study examines the effect of acupuncture and the relaxation response for treating gastrointestinal symptoms in HIV patients who are using highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Addressing the Intersection of HIV/AIDS, Violence against Women and Girls, & Gender–Related Health Disparities. This interagency federal working group report outlines recommendations that explore HIV/AIDS, violence against women and girls, and gender-related health disparities.
  Source: White House 2013.
• Addressing Intersections in HIV/AIDS and Mental Health: The Role of Organizations for d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Individuals in South Africa. 
  This article reveals  that deaf and hard of hearing South Africans, just like the general population, are at risk of acquiring HIV/AIDS and having mental disorders, resulting from barriers to communication and care. The need to focus on HIV/AIDS education, prevention, and mental health services were seen as activities to reduce communication barriers. Source: PubMed 2012
• Adolescent Sexual Health and the Dynamics of Oppression: A Call for Cultural Competency.
  This paper makes recommendations for those who work with youth to understand the impact of prejudice and discrimination on vulnerable adolescents, to assess and address their needs, and to build on their assets.
  Source: Advocates for Youth August 2010
• Adolescents and HIV Infection: The Pediatrician's Role in Promoting Routine Testing
  This policy statement reviews the epidemiologic data and recommends that routine screening be offered to all adolescents at least once by 16 to 18 years of age in health care settings when the prevalence of HIV in the patient population is more than 0.1%. This statement addresses many of the real and perceived barriers that pediatricians face in promoting routine HIV testing for their patients.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• African-Americans' Perceptions of Health Care Provider Cultural Competence that Promote HIV Medical Self-Care and Antiretroviral Medication Adherence.  
  Findings of this study indicate the need for increased attention to the role of cultural competence in HIV/AIDS care. Understanding patient perceptions of provider cultural competence has the potential to improve HIV treatment adherence and health outcomes. Findings of this study indicate the need for increased attention to the role of cultural competence in HIV/AIDS care. Understanding patient perceptions of provider cultural competence has the potential to improve HIV treatment adherence and health outcomes. Source: PubMed 2013
• The Aging of HIV
  As the general population ages and the generation of baby boomers moves into mid life, the percentage of older adults at risk for HIV will increase. In addition, there are currently HIV positive adults who have transitioned into older adulthood with the virus, as well as an increased number of aging partners, family members, and caregivers.
  Source: NAHOF 2003
• Aging with HIV 2009
  This video talks about a relatively new generation: individuals over 50 living with HIV. But they're also an understudied population. Doctors say that unlike younger people with HIV, older individuals may have disclosure concerns and issues in terms of end of life care
• AIDS.gov explains New Media 2012
• Alcohol and HIV/AIDS
  This Alcohol Alert briefly examines the changing patterns of HIV transmission in the United States; the role of alcohol in the transmission of HIV within, and potentially beyond, high-risk populations; the potential influence of alcohol abuse on the progression and treatment of HIV-related illness; and the benefits of making alcoholism treatment an integral part of HIV prevention programs
• Alcohol use among patients with HIV infection
  Source: Pubmed
  This study evaluates alcohol use in patients with HIV infection, assesses ethnic and social associations, and describes outcomes.Source: Pubmed
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Alcohol/drug exposure, HIV-related sexual risk among urban American Indian and Alaska Native Youth: evidence from a national survey
  Migration of the native populations from reservations to the urban areas has resulted in mixed ethnicities of American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN) children. Minority youth require special attention and services in urban schools as they disproportionately experience poverty, low educational attainment, unemployment, and single-parent status.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Alternative and Complementary Medicine for People Living with HIV, including do they work, and why is there so little proof?
  Source: AVERT 2011
• Alternative and Complementary Therapies AIDS Info Fact Sheet
  Comprehensive information revolving around questions concerning Alternative and Complementary Therapies and HIV 2011
• American Indian gay, bisexual and two-spirit men: a rapid assessment of HIV/AIDS risk factors, barriers to prevention and culturally-sensitive intervention. 
  Epidemiological data indicate that HIV and AIDS are disproportionately affecting American Indians. Specific to American Indian men identifying as gay, bisexual, two-spirit or who have same-sex experiences, this study assessed HIV-risk behaviors and barriers to testing, prevention and treatment efforts. Barriers to treatment in the study included a mistrust of the current healthcare system, a perceived lack of support from the Indian Health Service for AIDS care and a lack of transportation to healthcare appointments. Lastly, participants discussed and supported culturally-sensitive treatment services. This study calls attention to the value of an American Indian-specific HIV/AIDS service organization, the presence of indigenous service providers in the community and culturally-sensitive healthcare providers. Source: PubMed 2011
• American Muslim perceptions of healing: key agents in healing, and their roles.PubMed 2012
  Culturally competent care for Muslim American patients requires understanding religious and cultural frameworks for the concepts of health and healing. The authors conducted 13 focus groups in Michigan mosques to gather qualitative data on participants’ conceptual frameworks. Results showed that religious concepts were central to participants’ understanding of health and the roles of healers, including physicians.
• Asian American Health Research: What Community Agencies on the Front Line Need to Know
  This report shows that for some health promotion curricula that have proven effective among general populations, there is no evidence that these curricula will be as effective among Asian American populations, particularly those with limited English proficiency. Thus, to be most effective, community agencies working to improve the health of Asian Americans require a deep knowledge of their target community and have evidence-based programs and policies at their disposal. 
  Source: Project Muse 2012
• Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Transgender Cultural Competency Webinar (Video) 2011
• Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, Pacific Islanders (AA & NHOPI) in the United States
  This new data shows the increasing diversity of the AA&NHOPI population and the need for culturally and linguistically appropriate primary heath care services for these groups. Source: AAPCHO 2010 Fact Sheet
• Assessing Deaf Cultural Competency of Physicians and Medical Students.
  This report suggests training medical students in deaf cultural competency can significantly increase their capacity to care for community members and reduce the health disparities experienced by deaf community. Source: PubMed 2011
• Assessing HIV/AIDS Prevention Needs and Services for Young MSM in Connecticut
  This study discusses young men who have sex with men (MSM) bear the greatest burden of new HIV cases (36%) in Connecticut as well as the common challenges and barriers
• Assessing the Mental Health Needs and Barriers to Care among a Diverse Sample of Asian American Older Adults. 
  The study sought to compare the prevalence rates of mental distress of Chinese, Filipino, South Asian, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese older adults (aged 55 and older) to that of non-Hispanic whites; and to examine subgroup differences in utilization of mental health services. The findings of the study  not only highlighted the unmet mental health needs among older Asian Americans, but also illustrated significant variations among the various Asian subgroups. Source: PubMed 2011
• The Assessment of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use Among Individuals with HIV: A Systematic Review and Recommendations for Future Research
  This study discusses the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), a group of health care practices and products that are not considered part of conventional medicine, has increased in recent years, particularly among individuals with human immune deficiency virus (HIV).  Assessing the prevalence and predictors of CAM use among HIV-positive populations is important because some CAM therapies may adversely affect the efficacy of conventional HIV medications.  The present study was to evaluate the quality of the instruments employed in observational studies assessing CAM use among HIV-positive populations by examining the degree to which these studies (1) evaluated the psychometric properties of their CAM instruments and (2) assessed the multidimensional nature of CAM use.  Findings revealed that CAM assessment--regardless of the specific study population--is a complex and challenging task. However, CAM instruments will not become more refined over time in the absence of rigorous psychometric evaluation. Future research must assess reliability and validity and report these data in a clear and nuanced manner. Source: PubMed 2011
• Asset-Based Approaches for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Questioning, Intersex, and Two-Spirit (LGBTQI2-S) Youth and Families in Systems of Care USF 2009
  This paper offers a public health approach for communities to meet the needs of families comprising a parent, child, or youth who is lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, intersex, two-spirit (LGBTQI2-S) or transitioning
  
• Association between limited English proficiency and understanding prescription labels among five ethnic groups in California
  Misunderstanding of prescription labels results in adverse drug events and non-adherence. This study assessed the effect of limited English and other factors on prescription understanding among five ethnic groups in a controlled analysis.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Assuring Health Equity for Minority Persons with Disabilities ACMH July 2011
  Along with poorer health and higher use of health care, the NCD report documents that barriers to preventive services disproportionately affect people with disabilities: for example, persons with disabilities are less likely to receive counseling for smoking cessation than are persons without disabilities. Other barriers include health care provider stereotypes about disabilities; lack of appropriate provider training; and a lack of accessible medical facilities and examination equipment, sign language interpreters, and individualized accommodation
• As it is. Research finding on the knowledge, attitude, practice and access to HIV and AIDS information and services amongst persons with disabilities
  Handicap International commissioned this study, conducted in Nairobi, Mombasa, Kisumu, and Thika to obtain scientific information concerning knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors related to HIV/AIDS among persons with disabilities. The findings of this study will be used to guide the planning and implementation of HIV prevention and management programs for people with disabilities.
  Source: PubMed 2012
• At AIDS 2012, Interview with Alicia Wilson from La Clinica del Pueblo, 2012
• At the Interface of Culture and Medicine
  In this groundbreaking contribution to the field of culture and medicine, twenty-five professionals in medicine, nursing, and the social sciences have contributed fourteen papers on the influence of culture in health care in this publication. The topics range from the perception of skills of international medical graduates, to conflicting expectations of patient care of various cultural groups, to cultural issues at the end of life.
  Source: PubMed May 2011
  
• Ayurvedic Medicine Fact Sheet
  People with HIV often consult with Ayurvedic practitioners to help improve their overall health and energy level
  Source: AIDS Info 2010

B

• Back of the Line: The State of AIDS Among Black Gay Men in America 2012
  Comprehensive report outlines the health crisis among Black MSM including health disparities, healthcare barriers and risks, and strategies for change going forward. The report includes data, a timeline of events, articles, interviews and more. Follow the link above to read the full report.
  Source: Black AIDS Institute
• Barriers and unmet need for supportive services for HIV patients in care in Los Angeles County, California
  Data on barriers to needed supportive services are critical to improving patient access. This study examines barriers to support service use and factors associated with need and unmet need for services.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Barriers to health care access among refugee asylum seekers
  Asylum seekers have poor access to health care. Qualitative data portraying their experience is lacking. Authors conducted focus groups and interviews with 35 asylum seekers, and 15 care providers and advocates, mostly male and mostly from African countries.  The study identified several barriers to care, which they categorized as internal (mental illness, fatalism), structural (service availability, food, shelter, and employment insecurity), and social assimilation barriers (system navigation difficulty, inadequate community support). The authors make recommendations for improving access, including promoting community-based organizations, enforcing the use of trained medical interpreters, and improving cultural competency.
  PubMed May 2011
• Barriers to Health Care for People with Hearing Loss: A Review of the Literature. 
  This paper aims to make health professionals more aware of the needs and cultural differences that must be considered when providing care to the Deaf population. Source: PubMed 2009
• Barriers to HIV/AIDS knowledge and prevention among deaf and hard of hearing people
  This study investigated knowledge about HIV/AIDS and barriers to HIV/AIDS education and prevention among deaf and hard of hearing people.
  Source: PubMed July 2005
• The BATHE Model
  Date: 2018
  Source: Stuart and Lieberman
• BE SAFE: A Cultural Competency Model for African Americans
  Date: 2002
  Source: National Minority AETC
• BE SAFE: A Cultural Competency Model for American Indians, Alaska Natives, and Native Hawaiians Toward the Prevention and Treatment of HIV/AIDS
  Date: 2006
  Source: National Minority AETC at Howard University College of Medicine
• BE SAFE: A Cultural Competency Model for Asians and Pacific Islanders
  Date: 2009
  Source: National Minority AETC at Howard University College of Medicine ; Asian & Pacific Islander Wellness Center, San Francisco, CA and Pacific Islander American Health Forum, San Francisco, CA
• BESAFE Cultural Competency Model for HIV Screening in the Emergency Room
  Date: 2009
  Source: National Minority AETC at Howard University College of Medicine
• BE SAFE: A Cultural Competency Model for Latinos
  Date: 2005
  Source: National Minority AETC at Howard University College of Medicine ; University of Texas Health Science Center and National Council of La Raza
• BE SAFE: Un Modelo de Competencia Cultural para Latinos
  Date: 2010
  Source: National Minority AETC at Howard University College of Medicine; The National Center for Farmworker Health en Buda, TX
• Black Americans and HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet
  Black Americans have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS since the epidemic’s beginning, and that disparity has deepened over time
  Source: KFF 2011
• Black Americans and HIV/AIDS Fact Sheet
  Black Americans have been disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS since the epidemic’s beginning, and that disparity has deepened over time
  Source: KFF July 2012
• Breaking Through the Silence: Key Issues and Recommendations to Address HIV/AIDS among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders in the United States
  As HIV incidence rises in Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander communities, many health departments, community based organiza­tions, and communities remain ill pre­pared to respond to the increasing HIV prevention needs of these communi­ties. There are significant barriers that challenge HIV prevention efforts targeted directly and indirectly to these communities.
  Source: APIAHF May 2009
• Bridging language and cultural barriers between physicians and patients0.
  This study explored a group of primary care physicians' use of various methods to bridge language and cultural barriers between themselves and their patients and the physicians' perceptions of the availability and quality of these methods.
  Source: PubMed 1997

C

• Cancer: A Failure to Communicate - Reflection by Doha Raik Hamza.
  The author presents a case study to illustrate issues with using family members as medical interpreters, especially issues of particular relevant to Muslim patients. The author discusses the need for outreach to the Muslim community.
• Care for women with HIV: gender perspectives
  When women face social and cultural inequality they inevitably bear increased HIV infection risks. The success of antiretroviral therapies in suppressing HIV's viral load and prolonging patient lives has made HIV a treatable chronic disease. Given the same follow-up treatments, research shows no significant differences between men and women in terms of either clinical, immunological or virological parameters at baseline or mortality after one year of antiretroviral therapy. Gender equality is essential to effective HIV prevention. Nurses must take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in HIV prevention, treatment and care programs in order to ensure equal gender access to critical healthcare services.
  Source: PubMed December 2011
  
• Case Studies: These case studies in video format covering various scenarios in providing culturally appropriate health care.
• Challenges associated with HIV in transgender patients
  This article explores issues associated with transgenderism in the setting of HIV/AIDS, including the use of hormones along with antiretroviral agents and medications for treatment of opportunistic infections and a best practice model recommended to increase awareness among HIV providers and to improve cultural competency, sensitivity, and clinical capacity among all levels of HIV care providers.
  Source: deltaaetc.org 2011
• Children and AIDS, Fifth Stocktaking report 2010
  Advocacy and investment on behalf of children affected by AIDS have had an impact, and the goal of eliminating mother-to-child transmission of HIV appears within reach. But for every problem solved or advance made, new challenges and constraints have arisen. This Children and AIDS: Fifth Stocktaking Report examines current data, trends and the progress that has been made. It discusses disparities in access, coverage and outcomes  and recommends actions to benefit the millions of children, women and families worldwide who bear the burden of the epidemic.
  Source: PubMed 2010
• Chinese Acupuncture: Effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine in treating acquired immune deficiency syndrome: 2004–2014
  Many people, however, believe that it has helped them improve their overall energy, or deal with the side effects of antiretroviral medications (ARVs).
  Source: AIDS Info 2010 Fact Sheet
• Chinese Herbalism: Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines for Treating HIV Infections and AIDS
  AIDS Info 2010 Illness is not defined by symptoms or the name of a disease like "HIV infection." Instead, a practitioner of Chinese medicine will talk about energy imbalances.
  Source: AIDS Info 2010
• Chopsticks don't make it culturally competent: addressing larger issues for HIV prevention among gay, bisexual, and queer Asian Pacific Islander men. PubMed 2009
  This article explores what factors HIV prevention service providers and active volunteers who are also members of the groups that they serve believe need to be addressed before a culturally appropriate intervention strategy for gay, bisexual, and queer Asian Pacific Islander men can be developed. The authors interviewed 3 focus groups to collect qualitative data on how to make services more culturally competent.
• Civil Rights Obligations as a Covered Entity
  
• Communicating with Muslim parents: "the four principles" are not as culturally neutral as suggested
  This paper challenges the appropriateness of communicating in terms of trans-cultural principles (respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence and justice) with patients with a different background.
  Source: Pubmed 2009
• Community Living and Olmstead
  
• A community-based study of barriers to HIV care initiation
  This study identifies potential barriers to HIV treatment initiation.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Complementary and alternative medicine use among Asian Indians in the United States: a national study. Asian Americans use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) at a higher rate than Americans. This national study on Asian Indians (AIs), the third largest Asian-American subgroup in the United States, examined the CAM use by gender and its association with acculturation, health behaviors, and access to health care .
  Source: PubMed 2010
• Complementary Medicine: What is it?
  This article reviews the use of complementary and alternative medicine.
  Source: Cleveland Clinic. 2021
• Confronting a Fetal Abnormality: Reflection by Doha Raik Hamza
  This case highlights two important issues relevant to providing care to Muslim patients: informed consent and the use of family members as interpreters.
• Confronting the Crisis: Women and HIV
  Joint report, from the Joint United Nations (UN) Programme on HIV/AIDS, the UN Population Fund and the UN Development Fund for Women.
  
• Consideration in HIV Prevention for Women Affected by the Criminal Justice System
  This paper presents data on HIV risk and other health issues specific to this community of women and girls, discusses key factors for consideration when developing gender-responsive HIV strategies for these communities, and makes recommendations for inclusion in the National HIV/AIDS Strategy and other state and local HIV prevention efforts.
• Correlates of HIV, sexually transmitted infections, and associated high-risk behaviors among male clients of female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico
  Article examines the prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among female sex workers in two Mexico-US border. 2009
• Correlates of sexual, ethnic, and dual identity: a study of young Asian and Pacific Islander men who have sex with men
  Having a positive attitude toward one's own sexual and ethnic identity can improve psychological well-being and self-efficacy and may reduce vulnerability to HIV infection.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Counseling Clients With HIV And Substance Abuse Disorders
  White paper outlining the need for clinicians who treat patients who are living with HIV/AIDS and are substance abusers to examine their own prejudices and biases through the implementation of comprehensive cultural competency training.
  Source: National Library of Medicine
• Cross Culture Medicine
  The subtleties of interpersonal relationships (which, when understood by health professionals make them more successful in caring for patients) are particularly important among the Navajo.
  Source: IHS
• Cultural competence among nurse practitioners working with asylum seekers
  Asylum seekers often have complex medical needs. Little is known about the cultural competences health care providers should have in their contact with asylum seekers in order to meet their needs. This study explores the cultural competencies that nurse practitioners working with asylum seekers thought were important. Results showed that participants thought providers should have knowledge of several key factors in the country of origin: the political situation, judicial context, and common diseases. In addition, providers should understand the effects of refugeehood on health, be able to deal with asylum seekers' traumatic experiences, and be able to explain the host country's health care system. Using interpretation services was also reported to be critical.
  Source: PubMed Nov 2010
• Cultural competence clinic: an online, interactive, simulation for working effectively with Arab American Muslim patients.  PubMed 2011
  This pilot study investigates the impact of an online, interactive simulation involving an Arab American Muslim patient on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of 2nd-year medical students regarding culturally competent healthcare, both in general and specific to Arab American Muslim patients. Preliminary data suggest that the online, interactive simulation improves knowledge and skills beyond what is achieved by the basic cultural competence curriculum.
• Improving Cultural Competence: QUICK GUIDE FOR CLINICIANS
• Cultural Competence. (asha.org)
• Cultural Competency Works
  As the United States grows in diversity, health care providers are increasingly challenged to understand and address the linguistic and cultural needs of a diverse clientele. The Health Resources and Services Administration [HRSA] has had a long-standing and particular interest in cultural competence because so many of its grantees provide care to traditionally underserved populations that include culturally and linguistically diverse communities. Source: HRSA 2001
• Culturally Competent Healthcare - SickKids Journey to Cultural Competence, 2012
• The Cultural and Linguistic Competence Assessment for Disability Organizations (CLCADO): Assessment and Guide
  Date: 2010
  Source: National Center for Cultural Competence, Georgetown University
• Cultural & Linguistic Competency
  Video sponsored by Case Western Reserve University featuring Ms.Tawara Goode of Georgetown University who presented techniques for designing research projects sensitive to cultural dynamics of patient population. This symposium was sponsored in part by Case Western Reserve University, the Francis Payne Bolton School of Nursing, the Clinical & Translational Science Collaborative, and the Center for Reducing Health Disparities.
• Cultural Competence and Quality of Care (2008)
  Explore the concepts of cultural and linguistic competency in delivery of healthcare services and in healthcare workforce development.
• Cultural competence clinic: an online, interactive, simulation for working effectively with Arab American Muslim patients
  This pilot study investigates the impact of an online, interactive simulation involving an Arab American Muslim patient on the knowledge, skills, and attitudes of 2nd-year medical students regarding culturally competent healthcare, both in general and specific to Arab American Muslim patients.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Cultural Competence Education for Students in Medicine and Public Health: Report of an Expert Panel. Association of Schools of Public Health (ASPH). 2012
• Cultural Competence in the Care of LGBTQ Patients
  This document provides recommendations for health care providers to make their practice more welcoming for LGBTQ patients.
• Cultural Competence in the era of evidence-based practice
  Cultural competence has become an important concern for contemporary health care delivery with ethical and legal implications.
  Source: PubMed 2008
• Cultural Competence for Healthcare Providers (2009)
  Cultural competence training video with patient and provider's perspectives
• Cultural competence: reflections on patient autonomy and patient good
  This article explores the moral foundations of cultural competence, ultimately locating them in patient autonomy and patient good.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Cultural Competence Video
  Video overviewing the principles of cultural competence presented by Robert S. Wright
• Cultural competency assessment tool for hospitals: Evaluating hospitals' adherence to the culturally and linguistically appropriate services standards
  This study describes the development of the Cultural Competency Assessment Toll for Hospital (CCATH), estimates the reliability and validity of the CCATH measures, and discusses the managerial implications of the CCATH as an organizational tool to assess cultural competency.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Cultural Competency and Its Role in Health Services
  Date: 1998
  Source: Cultural Competency in Health, Social and Human Services: Direction for the Twenty-First Century
• Cultural Competency: Clinicians Role in HIV/AIDS Care.
  Goulda Downer, PhD, RD, LN, CNS & Keisha Watson-Bah, PhD, MPH. Poster Presentation, XIX International AIDS Conference, 2012. This poster presentation explains how the culturally competent health care provider who works to develop the interpersonal capacity and skills needed to better respond to a diverse patient population has the high likelihood of experiencing an increase in improved clinical outcomes as well as provider satisfaction.
• The cultural gap delivering health care services to Arab American populations in the United States
  Culturally and linguistically appropriate guidelines are warranted to provide an understanding of the cultural distinctiveness of Arab Eastern patients by shortening the gap between the Arab cultures with the western medical culture thus improving their healthcare needs.
  Source: Pubmed 2010
• Cultural Proficiency Assessment Tool for Leaders
• Culturally Competent Care 2009
  25 minute video slide presentation with audio. Talk given by a psychiatrist Lorin Boynton at Harborview Psychiatry Chief Resident Conference to teach about approaches to providing culturally competent care to immigrant and refugee patients.
• Culturally Competent Healthcare Systems: A Systematic Review
  This article discusses how health disparities can be alleviated, in part, by creating and maintaining culturally competent healthcare systems that can at least overcome communication barriers that may preclude appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up
  Source: AJPM 2003
• Culturally Competent HIV Prevention Strategies for Women of Color in the United States
  Date: January 2005
  Source: Health Care For Women International, Volume 26, Number 1, Number 1/, pp. 17-45(29)
• A Culturally Competent Model of Care for African Americans
  This article addresses the issue of health disparities among African Americans by providing nurses with a practice model of cultural competence.
  Source: PubMed 2009
  
• Culturally Competent Care Training Module - Part 1 (2010) (Video) Part 1 of DBHDS OCLC Training Module on the Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services - Culturally Competence Care Standards
• Culture and Substance Abuse Impact of Culture Affects Approach to Treatment
  Article which focuses on the problems that drugs and alcohol bring to communities and the multidimensional effect they have on its residents. Discusses how the treatment interventions should be designed with input from community influenced culture. January 2008
  Source: Psychiatric Times Website

D

• The Deaf and Hard of Hearing and HIV /AIDS
  This article discusses how adults with hearing loss have poorer health and increased risk of engaging in health risk behaviors than adults with good hearing. For example, the rate of substance use disorder among deaf or hard of hearing is higher than among the general population. Substance use, in turn, is linked to higher risk for HIV infection.  The article discusses HRSA response in developing specific strategies to address the service needs of hearing impaired individuals who are at risk of  acquiring HIV/AIDS. Source: HRSA 2008
• The Design, Implementation and Evaluation of a Statewide Cultural Competency Training for North Carolina Disease Intervention Specialists
  At least half of all new HIV cases in the United States occur among people under the age of 25 with a substantial proportion of these infections occurring among young men who have sex with men (MSM) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2007). Current HIV research reveals an urgent need to address macro-environmental factors such as social barriers (e.g., poverty, racism, and homophobia) that contribute to health inequalities for HIV-infected populations
  Source: UMI 2009
• Developing an Effective HIV/AIDS Response for Women and Girls in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Downer GA, Callwood, GB. (2011). Supplement to Women's Health Issues: Bringing Gender Home -- Implementing Gender-Responsive HIV/AIDS Programming for U.S. Women and Girls. 21(6S): S283-S286.
• Development and evaluation of a complementary and alternative medicine use survey in African-Americans with acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
  The purpose of the current study was to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a culturally- and stage-of-disease-appropriate measure of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use among a population of African-American individuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) using a mixed-method design.
  Source: PubMed May 2010
• Development of a culturally appropriate health-related quality of life measure for human immunodeficiency virus-infected children in Thailand
  The authors describe how they developed a reliable and valid self-report health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instrument for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children in Thailand. Reliable and valid disease-targeted HRQOL measures for HIV-infected children are essential in the assessment of therapeutic effectiveness. The findings of this cross-sectional survey provide support for the reliability and validity of the ThQLHC as an HRQOL outcome measure for HIV-infected Thai children.
  Source: PubMed January 2011
• Docs' 'Cultural Competence' May Boost HIV Care.
  Study finds that a physician's awareness of needs of diverse patient population is key. Source: Medline 2013
• Doctor/Patient Communication | Our Stories, Our Health 2010
  This video discusses how many Southeast Asian immigrants are unable to obtain adequate healthcare because of language barriers. They can't effectively communicate with healthcare providers, and are unable to navigate the complicated system
• Disability and AIDS Policy Brief
  The relationship between HIV and disability has not received due attention, although persons with disabilities are found among all key populations at higher risk of exposure to HIV. In addition, people living with HIV may develop impairments as the disease progresses, and may be considered to have a disability when social, economic, political or other barriers hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal basis with others.
  Source: PubMed April 2009
• Disability and HIV at a glance
  Reaching disabled individuals with HIV and AIDS messages, clinical care and reproductive health services presents unique challenges. This document provides guidance and information about resources for clinicians.
  Source: PubMed November 2004
  
• Disparities in Diagnoses of HIV Infection between Blacks/African Americans and other Racial/Ethnic Populations--37 states, 2005-2008
  Blacks/African Americans have been affected disproportionately by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection since early in the epidemic. Despite representing a smaller proportion (13.6%) of the U.S. population, blacks/African Americans accounted for half of the HIV diagnoses in adolescents and adults in 37 states during 2005-2008.
  Source: CDC Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR). 2011
• Disparities in Health Services for HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis C Virus, and Sexually Transmitted Infections: Role of Substance Abuse Treatment Programs.
  This report focused upon the availability of infection-related health services in substance abuse treatment programs with and without addiction services tailored for special populations (women and non-white populations).
  Source: PubMed 2010

E

• Effective Response
  AIDS: the Early Years and CDC's Response
  Supplements
  October 7, 2011 / 60(04);64-69 MMWR (1).
  The article summarizes CDC response to AIDS from the initial 1981 MMWR description of five cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) among homosexual men in Los Angeles- the first published report about an illness that would become known as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-to the first International Conference on AIDS held in 1985. The authors recommend applying lessons from these early years to the future: 1) the importance of surveillance, 2) rapid identification of the causal agent, 3) innovations in diagnostics and treatment, 4) emphasis on prevention, and 5) importance  of personal commitment to advocacy, research, and clinical care quality.
  Source: PubMed 2011
  
• Efficacy of a Health Educator-Delivered HIV Prevention Intervention for Latina Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial
  This study developed and assessed AMIGAS (Amigas, Mujeres Latinas, Inform andonos, Gui andonos, y Apoy andonos contra el SIDA [friends, Latina women, informing each other, guiding each other, and supporting each other against AIDS]), a culturally congruent HIV prevention intervention for Latina women adapted from SiSTA (Sistas Informing Sistas about Topics on AIDS), an intervention for African American women.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Elevated HIV prevalence despite lower rates of sexual risk behaviors among black men in the District of Columbia who have sex with men APCS 2010
  The purpose of this study was to examine HIV risk behaviors in a community-based sample of men who have sex with men (MSM) in DC.  These findings suggest that among black MSM, the primary risk of HIV infection results from nontraditional sexual risk factors, and may include barriers to disclosing MSM status
  and HIV testing.
• Empowering Latino Church Leaders to Deal with the HIV-AIDS Crisis: A Strengths-Oriented Service Model
  This study explores ideology and attitudes of Latino church leaders in the United States toward HIV/AIDS.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Encouraging Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders to Talk About HIV/AIDS "Saving face can't make you safe. Talk about HIV"
  This topic was the theme for the sixth annual observance of National Asian and Pacific Islander HIV/AIDS Awareness Day aimed at encouraging APIs to break the silence and address the impact of HIV in their communities.
  Source: The White House blog May 2010.
• Enhancing the cultural competency of health-care organizations
  This paper argues the importance of cultural competency from a societal perspective and also as a strategy for health-care organizations to improve quality, lower cost, and attract customers; and provides detailed recommendations for health-care leaders and managers to adopt in order to successfully serve a diverse patient population.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Enhancing the Delivery of Health Care: Eliminating Health Disparities through a Culturally & Linguistically Centered Integrated Health Care Approach: Consensus Statements and Recommendations. Office of Minority Health/Hogg Foundation. 2012
• Ensuring the Health Care Needs of Women: A Checklist for Health Exchanges. To inform the development of the state health insurance Exchanges under the Affordable Care Act, this checklist identifies key coverage, affordability and access issues that are important for women. Based on lessons learned from women’s health research and the Massachusetts experience, the checklist considers essential health benefits, implementation of no-cost preventive services including contraception, provider networks and affordability, outreach and enrollment efforts, and the importance of including gender and other demographic characteristics in data collection and reporting standards.
  Source: Kaiser Family Foundation 2013
  
• The ethical self-fashioning of physicians and health care systems in culturally appropriate health care
  This study explores the diverse methods that cultural competence trainings use to foster a health care provider's ability to be self-reflexive, including face-to-face workshops and classes and self-guided on-line modules.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Ethno-cultural and linguistic transference and countertransference: From Asian perspectives
  The multicultural counseling movement emerged in response to a diversified society and an increasing need to bring awareness of culture into clinical practice. Using postmodern theories, shifting from "discovering insights," which suggests an objective knowing, to "identifying meanings," which posits being aware of multiple subjective realities, this article delineates clinical examples of how ethno-cultural and linguistic transference and countertransference are manifested and either are neglected or used in the clinical practice from the perspectives of traditional Asian cultures.
  Source: PubMed 2009
  
• Evaluation of an intervention on socio cultural communication skills of international nurses
  This pilot intervention study examined socio-cultural competence regarding communication in a sample of international nurses working in two community hospitals in southern Nevada
  Source: Pubmed 2010
• Expanded HIV testing and trends in diagnoses of HIV infection
  District of Columbia, 2004-2008. … in the District of Columbia (DC), the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) case rate is nearly 10 times the U.S. rate and higher than comparable U.S. cities, such as Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York City, Detroit, and Chicago. Source: PudMed/CDC 2010
• Experiences of stigma and discrimination among adults living with HIV in a low HIV-prevalence context: a qualitative analysis
  This study explores participants' experience with stigma and discrimination in social and health care settings and their behavioral and emotional responses.
  Source: Pubmed 2009
• Exploring factors that Underlie Racial/Ethnic Disparities in HIV Risk among Young Men who have Sex with Men
  Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are among the highest risk groups for HIV, and the risk distribution varies by race/ethnicity. Prevalence rates are consistently higher for minority YMSM.
  Source: J Urban Health 2010

F

• Fact Sheet: Black Americans and HIV/AIDS. This updated fact sheet highlights the epidemic's impact on Black Americans, providing current data and trends over time.
  Source Kaiser Family Foundation 2013
• Fact Sheet: Latinos and HIV/AIDS. This updated fact sheet highlights the impact of HIV/AIDS on Latinos in the United States, providing current data and trends over time.
  Source: Kaiser Family Foundation 2013
• Fact Sheet: Ryan White Program. This fact sheet provides an overview of the Ryan White program, the largest HIV-specific federal grant program in the United States.
  Source: Kaiser Family Foundation 2013
• Fact Sheet: Women and HIV/AIDS in the United States. This updated fact sheet highlights the impact of HIV/AIDS on women in the United States, providing current data and trends over time.
  Source: Kaiser Family Foundation 2013
  
• Final Data Collection Standards for Race, Ethnicity, Primary Language, Sex, and Disability Status Required by Section 4302 of the Affordable Care Act
  The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) on Oct. 31, 2011, published the final standards for data collection on race, ethnicity, sex, primary language and disability status, as required by Section 4302 of the Affordable Care Act. The law requires that data collection standards for these measures be used, to the extent practicable, in all national population health surveys. They will apply to self-reported information only. The law also requires any data standards published by HHS comply with standards created by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB).
• Five Questions and Answers on HIV/STIs, Project Hope, 2013
• A forgotten population: Addressing comprehensive HIV prevention needs among American Asians and Pacific islanders.
  Source: PubMed July-August 2010
  
• The Four Cs of HIV Prevention with African Americans: Crisis, Condoms, Culture, and Community
  Article on how HIV/AIDS continues to be a devastating epidemic with African American communities carrying the brunt of the impact.
  Source: PubMed 2010

G

• Gay and Bisexual Men's Health CDC 2011
  This article addresses homophobia, stigma, and discrimination and its continued negative affect on the health and well-being of gay, bisexual, other men who have sex with men (MSM), and other members of the LGBT community. The article discusses how these issues affect health care access and service quality.
• Gender Mainstreaming Practice: Considerations for HIV/AIDS Community Organizations
  As a contribution to this gap, this reflective paper aims to generate debate about some of the considerations for gender mainstreaming practice in HIV/AIDS organizations.
  Source PubMed 2010
• Gender power control, sexual experiences, safer sex practices, and potential HIV risk behaviors among young Asian-American women
  Researchers examined the prevalence of three domains of sexual behaviors among young Asian-American women: sexual experiences, safer sex practices, and potential HIV risk behaviors. Researchers also investigated the impact of gender power control on these domains.
  Source: PubMed Jnauary 2012
• Getting To Zero: Scaling-Up Health Department HIV Strategies For Gay Men/MSM NASTAD 2010
  This paper called on members to examine existing programs and the allocation of resources reaching gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Both organizations pledged to advocate for targeted resources and the development of new and innovative partnerships to ensure holistic policies that impact the lives of gay men/MSM.
• A Global Perspective on Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use among People Living with HIV/AIDS in the Era of Antiretroviral Treatment
  This article reviews the role of CAM in HIV treatment and the implications of CAM use for Antiretroviral Treatment uptake and adherence.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Growing old with HIV: the AIDS epidemic and aging population
  This paper details what we know about HIV among older adults, what we do not yet understand, and what improvements can be made to better prepare the country to care for this population.
  Source: Pubmed 2010
• Guarding Against Emerging Epidemics: Addressing HIV and AIDS among Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities in NSW.
  NSW has one of the most culturally diverse communities in Australia and is also the most popular destination for both permanent and temporary migrants. Consequently people from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds have recently been recognized as a priority in the NSW HIV/AIDS Strategy.  The National Health and Medical Research Council provides a cultural competency framework for re-orienting public health and health promotion programs to better meet the needs of these communities. It is being applied to re-orientate the HIV response in NSW. Examples of how this framework can be implemented are provided. Source: PubMed 2010
• A Guide to Developing a Culturally Competent Organization
  This article presents key content areas and activities to consider on the journey to cultural competence.
  Source: PubMed 2011

H

• Healing Techniques of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2012
  
• Health care transition for youth living with HIV/AIDS
  This review discusses the unique transition challenges to consider for this population, including socioeconomic and health insurance status, the special role of the pediatric or adolescent provider as family, stigma and disclosure issues, cognitive development and mental health issues, medication adherence, and sexual, reproductive, and gender health concerns.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Health Care under the ADA: A Vision or a Mirage?
  This study identified health care access barriers using recent studies documenting the health disparities experienced by people with disabilities. Some of these health care access barriers qualify as discrimination prohibited under the Americans with Disabilities Act. The broad challenge for the coming decade is to develop means to achieve effective communication and eliminate physical and programmatic barriers in more health care provider settings more consistently. The ADA can be a vigorous force in this effort as part of a multipronged strategy. Source: PubMed 2010
• The Health of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender People: Building a Foundation for Better Understanding
  The Institute of Medicine released this consensus report to develop a more complete picture of the health status of people who are LGBT and to identify research gaps.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Health Perceptions of African HIV-infected Patients and their Physicians.
  This study explored how patients from Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) infected with HIV and living in Switzerland, and their treating physicians perceived their health, whether these perceptions correlated with biological markers, and what organizational changes participants considered likely to improve quality of care. Patients and physicians did not agree in their evaluation of patients' health status. Patients did not perceive their health through biological markers, but linked their mental health with their socioeconomic context. Physicians underestimated patients' biological health and their evaluation of global health. This illustrates the importance of accessing patients' perspective and not relying solely on physicians' perception of the problem. Source: PubMed 2010
• Healthcare experiences of limited english-proficient asian american patients: a cross-sectional mail survey. This survey evaluated the degree of health education and the quality of interpersonal care that occurs during patient visits, and their associations with patient satisfaction, in LEP Asian American patients.
  Source: PubMed 2009
• Health Related Quality of Life Assessment questionnaire for children aged 5 to 11 years with HIV/AIDS: cross-cultural adaptation for the Portuguese language.
  The  study presents preliminary results from the cross-cultural adaptation of the Quality of Life Assessment Questionnaire, which measured health- related quality of life (HRQL) in Brazilian children aged between 5 and 11 with HIV/AIDS.
  Source: PubMed July 2011
  
• Hispanic women's experiences with substance abuse, intimate partner violence, and risk for HIV
  This study supports the importance of addressing substance abuse, violence, and risk for HIV in an integrated manner and stresses the importance of addressing associated cultural factors (e.g., acculturation, machismo) in interventions targeting Hispanics.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
  
• HIV Infection in Refugees: A Case-control Analysis of Refugees in Rhode Island.
  The number of HIV-infected refugees entering the USA is increasing. There is little data describing the HIV-infected refugee population and the challenges encountered when caring for them. This article discusses clinicians caring for West African HIV-infected refugees should be knowledgeable about likely co-morbidities and the impact of cultural differences on HIV care. Further studies are needed to develop culturally competent HIV treatment, education, and prevention programs for refugees who are beginning a new life in the USA. Source: PubMed March 2009
  
• HIV Care in Correctional Settings
  Caring for HIV-infected patients who are incarcerated is a complex and challenging task. For many of these patients, the prison health service provides their first opportunity for access to consistent health care. This chapter discusses some of the issues relevant to the HIV-infected population in correctional settings
  Source: HRSA 2011
• HIV Care in the Correctional Setting
  This article outlines the delivery of health care in jails and prisons in particular the management of HIV where there are significant disparities between jails and prisons, and between local, city, state, and federal systems
  Source: TB 2009
• HIV Cultural Competency (2007)
  National guidelines for culturally and linguistically appropriate healthcare services in HIV for ethnic and gender minority communities.
• HIV in Prisons, 2007-08 BJS 2009-2010
  This report provides the number of state and federal prisoners who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or had confirmed acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) at year end 2007 and 2008, categorized by gender, type of infection, and HIV infection by region and state
  Source: BJS 2010
• HIV infection in refugees: a case-control analysis of refugees in Rhode Island
  This is a retrospective case-control analysis of HIV-infected refugees in order to characterize their co-morbidities, baseline HIV characteristics, and longitudinal care compared to HIV-infected non-refugees. The refugee population studied was largely from West Africa. Refugees were more likely than non-refugees to have heterosexual risk for HIV infection, latent tuberculosis infection, and active hepatitis B. Refugees were less likely than non-refugees to have a history of substance use, start antiretrovirals, and be enrolled in a clinical study. The baseline CD4 counts and HIV plasma viral loads were similar between the two groups. Clinicians caring for West African HIV-infected refugees should be knowledgeable about likely co-morbidities and the impact of cultural differences on HIV care.
  PubMed Mar 2009
• HIV Prevalence Rates Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the Southern United States: Population-Based Estimates by Race/Ethnicity
  This is an article on estimated population-based HIV prevalence rates among MSM in the 17 southern states by race/ethnicity. Source: PubMed 2010
• HIV-Related Research in Correctional Population: Now is the Time
  The overlapping epidemics of incarceration and HIV present a need for academic medical centers to collaborate with the criminal justice system to improve the health of incarcerated populations.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• HIV screening and care for immigration detainees
  The detention of immigrants in the United States is a rapidly expanding endeavor with serious health consequences for the detainees. This detainee population represents non-criminal immigrants who are detained because of a visa violation or other immigration issue but who are not charged with any crime and do not enter the criminal justice system. HIV-positive detainees are especially vulnerable to lapses in proper medical care. Press reports have highlighted deaths and adverse medical outcomes among HIV-positive detainees.
  Source: PubMed 2009
• HIV testing among sexually experienced Asian and Pacific Islander young women association with routine gynecologic.
  The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion of sexually experienced Asian and Pacific Islander (API) women tested for HIV during the past 12 months, and to investigate the extent to which routine gynecologic care (RGC) increases HIV testing among API women.
  Source: PubMed July-August 2009
  
• HIV Treatment in the Criminal Justice System: Critical Knowledge and Intervention Gaps
  This paper describes four major challenges to successful management of HIV in the criminal justice system: relapse to substance use, homelessness, mental illness, and loss of medical and social benefits.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• HIV/AIDS among American Indians/Alaska Natives living in Montana: a descriptive study
  This study examines the epidemiology of HIV among AI/ANs in Montana, barriers to HIV testing and motivations to test.
  Source: PubMed 2011
• HIV/AIDS Behind Bars: An Avenue for Culturally Sensitive Interventions 2004
  The prevalence of HIV infection and the incidence of AIDS are higher among prison inmates compared to the general population
• HIV/AIDS and children in the English speaking Caribbean
  This groundbreaking book provides an overview and informed discussion of HIV/AIDS as it affects children and adolescents in Antigua, Barbados, Grenada, Jamaica, and The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago. With contributions from noted HIV/AIDS experts in the region, it examines the biopsychosocial, environmental, spiritual, and policy issues that impact HIV/AIDS prevention/service delivery issues for Caribbean youth.
  Source: PubMed 2012
• HIV/AIDS interventions in an aging U.S. population
  HIV prevention for people over 50 is an important health concern, especially as the U.S. population grows older. This article reviews the current interventions and proposes possible HIV/AIDS prevention effort for older adults.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• HIV/AIDS Prevention Education: Developing Cultural Competent Programs for African Americans
  The purpose of this exploratory theory-based article is to discuss the extent of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the African American community, variables that contribute to HIV/AIDS among African Americans, and culturally relevant program designs and instructional strategies that support African Americans' prevention needs and demonstrate respect for their cultural and family values.
  Source: PubMed 2012
• HIV/AIDS prevention in New York City: identifying sociocultural needs of the community
  This article reports on the findings of a quantitative study that sought to identify the unique sociocultural needs of NYC residents who seek HIV/AIDS care.
  Source: PubMed 2010
• HIV/AIDS-related institutional mistrust among multiethnic men who have sex with men: Effects on HIV testing and risk behaviors
  This study investigates relationships between institutional mistrust (systematic discrimination, organizational suspicion, and conspiracy beliefs), HIV risk behaviors, and HIV testing in a multiethnic sample of men who have sex with men (MSM), and to test whether perceived susceptibility to HIV mediates these relationships for White and ethnic minority MSM.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Hmong - Culture Matters
  
• Hospitals and Effective Communications
• How do you know if you are not a Covered Entity?
• How Effective Healthcare Communication Contributes to Health Equity  2012
  This video addresses provider health literacy, contribute to improving the quality of services for culturally and linguistically diverse populations as well as people with limited health literacy skills

I

• Identifying the Needs of LGBTQ Immigrants and Refugees in Southern Arizona
  This article presents findings on the quality of service provision provided to this very underserved community pertaining to health care.
  Source: PubMed 2011
• Ideologies of Black churches in New York City and the public health crisis of HIV among Black men who have sex with men
  The goal of this study was to explore church ideologies surrounding sexuality and health, and the relationship of these ideologies to church mobilization in response to HIV/AIDS among Black MSM.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• "I'm not going to die from the AIDS": resilience in aging with HIV disease
  This study seeks to examine the lived experiences of older adults with HIV/AIDS as it relates to strengths and resilience in dealing with this devastating disease.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• The Impact of Acculturation on Utilization of HIV Prevention Services and Access to Care among an At-Risk Hispanic Population
  The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of acculturation with HIV and hepatitis C testing, and access to care among Hispanics at risk for HIV. HIV/AIDS disproportionately affects Hispanics in the United States, a diverse and heterogeneous population.
  Source: J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2009
• Impact of Communication on Preventive Services among Deaf American Sign Language Users.
  The goal of this study was to determine whether provider language concordance is associated with improved receipt of preventive services among deaf respondents.  Deaf American Sign Language (ASL) users face communication and language barriers that limit healthcare communication with their providers. Prior research has not examined preventive services with ASL-skilled clinicians. Source: PubMed 2011
• Impact of culture on healthcare seeking behavior of Asian Indians. This article explores the influence of culture at each of these stages in the context of Asian Indian culture. Although Asian-Indians constitute only 1.5% of the US population they are among the fastest growing minorities in the United States.
  Source: PubMed 2010
  
• The Impact of HIV and High-Risk Behaviors on the Wives of Married Men who have Sex with Men and Injection Drug Users: Implications for HIV Prevention.
  This article addresses HIV/AIDS in India disproportionately affects women, not by their own risks, but by those of their partners, generally their spouses. We address two marginalized populations at elevated risk of acquiring HIV: women who are married to men who also have sex with men (MSM) and wives of injection drug users (IDUs)
  Source: PubMed 2010
• Improving Care of HIV-Positive Young Men of Color Who Have Sex with Men
  Date: 2011
  Source: AIDS Patient Care and STDs
• Improving communication between patients and providers using health information technology and other quality improvement strategies: focus on Asian Americans. Disparities in provider-patient communication have been shown to exist among Asian Americans, especially those who are low-income and have limited English proficiency.
  Source: PubMed 2010
• Improving the Health of the Homeless: Advice for Physicians. 
  Homeless individuals suffer from a constellation of health issues, experience barriers to medical care that are both recognizable and hidden, and score worse on measures of health outcomes than the general population. The article   describes common conditions affecting homeless people and discusses how patient-centered comprehensive primary care, collaboration between health care providers and social service organizations, and innovative delivery of medical respite services can result in better care for this population. Source: PubMed 2012
• Inclusive Services for LGBT Older Adults:  A Practical to Guide to Creating a Welcoming Agencies NRC on LGBT Aging 2012
  This guide was created to answer these questions and help you as service providers to
  understand the unique barriers that LGBT older adults face, as well as the many ways
  to improve and expand the continuum of care and services available
  
• Increasing and supporting the participation of persons of color living with HIV/AIDS in AIDS clinical trials
  Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) of color are under-represented in AIDS clinical trials (ACTs), which may limit the generalizability of research findings and denies many individuals access to high levels of care and new treatments available through ACTs. This paper describes a small number of successful behavioral and structural interventions to increase the participation of PLHA of color in screening for and enrollment into ACTs.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• International medical graduate-patient communication: a qualitative analysis of perceived barriers
  This study examines IMGs' perceptions of the barriers to their communication with patients.
  Source: Pubmed 2009
• International Medical Graduates in American Medicine: Contemporary Challenges and Opportunities
  This paper examines various aspects of the IMG presence in the U.S. physician work force.
  Source: American Medical Association 2010
• International Medical Graduates in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Adaptation, Training, and Contributions
  This article describes IMGs’ history, demographics, training issues, and professional challenges as well as their strengths and weaknesses.
  Source: Pubmed 2010
• Islam, medicine, and Arab-Muslim refugee health in America after 9/11
  This study assess how Islam as a religious system shapes medical practice, and how Muslims view and experience medical care in the USA.
• Islamic religious leaders' knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS and their perception of people living with HIV/AIDS: a qualitative study
  Source: Pubmed
  This study explores Muslim religious leaders' perception, knowledge and attitudes towards AIDS, AIDS prevention and their attitudes towards people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).
  Source: Pubmed 2010
• 'It's my inner strength': spirituality, religion and HIV in the lives of young African American men who have sex with men
  This paper examines the roles of religion and spirituality in men who have sex with men's lives, which is central in the lives of many African Americans.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
  

J

K

• Keeping Our Hearts from Touching the Ground: HIV/AIDS in American Indian and Alaska Native Women
  HIV/AIDS is a critical and growing challenge to American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) women's health. Conceptually guided by the Indigenist Stress-Coping Model, this paper explores the historical and contemporary factors implicated in the HIV epidemic among AIAN women and the co-occurring epidemics of sexual violence and substance abuse.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices regarding HIV/AIDS Among Disabled Youth in Maputo (Mozambique)].
  This study deals with knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding HIV/AIDS amongst disabled youth (motor disabilities, visually or hearing impaired) aged 15 to 29 years in Maputo (Mozambique) where the prevalence rate of HIV is 20.7%. The study analyzed reasons for these differences and showed that there is a need to improve access to HIV/AIDS information, counseling and screening for young people with disabilities. A series of recommendations have been proposed based on our results. Source: PubMed 2010

L

• Language Barriers and the Use of Interpreters in the Public Health Services. A Questionnaire-Based Survey
  This study aims to examine cross-cultural communication in health-care settings, which has implications or equal access to health services.
  Source: PubMed 2010
• Language Concordance and Patient-physician Communication regarding Mental Health Needs.
  This article discusses language-related communication barriers between minority patients and their physicians may contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in mental health care. Accordingly, the current study sought to examine whether perceived mental health needs and discussion of these needs differed as a function of race or ethnicity and language concordance in older Latinos and Asian and Pacific Islanders (APIs). There were no significant differences in respondents' perceptions of their mental health needs across race or ethnicity or level of language concordance status (Ps > .41), although there were significant differences in whether respondents had discussed their mental health needs with their physicians according to participant race or ethnicity and language concordance status (adjusted odds ratio = 0.47, P = .04). These findings underscore the importance of overcoming language-related and cultural barriers to improve patient-provider discussions of older adults' mental health needs. Source: PubMed 2011
• Language, culture and emotions: exploring ethnic minority patients' emotional expressions in primary healthcare consultations
  This study explores ethnic minority patients' expression of emotional cues and concerns in primary healthcare, and examines relationships with patient, provider and consultation attributes.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Late diagnosis of HIV infection contributes to poor medical outcomes and helps sustain continued transmission of virus. Published evidence suggests that despite current public health recommendations, patients receiving care in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) system are not being routinely tested for HIV infection. 2010
• Latinos and HIV/AIDS  Fact Sheet
  Latinos in the United States continue to be heavily impacted by HIV/AIDS, accounting for higher rates of new HIV infections, AIDS diagnoses, and people living with HIV than their white counterparts
  Source: KFF  July 2012
• The LEARN Cultural Competency and Communications Model
  Date: 1983
  Source: Berlin, E. & Fowkes, W.A. (1983)
• Learning from successful interventions: A culturally congruent HIV risk-reduction intervention for African American men who have sex with men and women.
  Few HIV prevention interventions have been developed for African American men who have sex with men or who have sex with both men and women. Many interventions neglect the historical, structural or institutional, and sociocultural factors that hinder or support risk reduction in this high-risk group.
  Source: PubMed 2009
• LGBT Immigrant and Immigrant Living with HIV
  The report presents results of a survey of LGBT immigrants and immigrants living with HIV. The survey assessed experiences with health care refusal and other barriers to health care access.
  Source: PubMed 2009
  
• LGBT People of Color and People of Color Living with HIV 2009
  This resource highlights results from the 2009 Lambda Legal's Health Care Fairness Survey. This survey is the first to examine experiences with refusal of care and barriers to health care access among LGBT and HIV communities on a national scale. (Fact Sheet)
• A lifelong battle: Teens living with HIV/AIDS 2009
  This video addresses pPeople who are born HIV-positive often face a lifetime of medication and stigma. While improved treatment methods have decreased transmission from mother to child, doctors still say caring for children with the virus is an imperfect science
• Limited English Proficiency (LEP)
• Linking HIV-positive jail inmates to treatment, care, and social services after release: results from a qualitative assessment of the COMPASS Program
  This article discusses linkages to HIV Primary Care in Jail Settings that aims to improve diagnosis and treatment services for HIV-positive jail detainees and link them to community-based medical care and social services upon release 2010

M

• Managing Mentally and Physically Challenged HIV Patients.
  The management of mentally and physically challenged patients is complex, as it can involve ethical, social, and medical issues, and adding the provision of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) care further complicates patient management. Source: PubMed December 2009
  
• May 19, 2011: 7th Annual National Asian & Pacific Islander HIV/AIDS Awareness Day Report. This report is a compilation of The Banyan Tree Project 2011 progress and lessons learned. It provides a detailed look at the ever-growing Banyan Tree Project network, and the impact of their work has on the A&PI community.
  Source: The Banyan Tree Project 2012
• Measuring the degree of HIV-related stigma and discrimination in health facilities and providers. Working Report
  This report presents the findings from an internet-based survey designed to validate the items in the Health Facility and Provider Stigma Measurement Tool. The goal was to assess the validity of items designed to measure the key drivers of stigma.
  Source: USAID 2010
• Measuring Stigma Among Health Care Providers: The HIV/AIDS Provider Stigma Inventory
  This page discusses a trio of scales, was developed in conjunction with a larger research effort designed to diminish stigmatizing attitudes and behaviors of health care professionals directed at people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) or those suspected of bearing that status.
  Source: (Society for Social Work and Research 15th Annual Conference: Emerging Horizons for Social Work Research) 2011
• The Medicaid Program at a Glance. This fact sheet provides an overview of the Medicaid program, the populations that it serves, the services that it covers and the expanded role it will play under the health reform law.
  Source: Kaiser Family Foundation 2013
• Medical Treatment for Men Who Have Sex With Men and are Living With HIV/AIDS
  The purpose of the study was to identify individual and service system characteristics that impact access, retention, and adherence to an HIV/AIDS medical treatment regimen
  Source: PudMed 2009
• Medicare Provider Certification
• Meeting the healthcare Needs of American Muslims: Challenges and strategies for healthcare settings
  This report presents an overview of American Muslim health beliefs, describes how these beliefs impact healthcare-seeking practices, and recommends accommodations that can improve the healthcare experience of American Muslim patients.
  Source: ISPU 2011
• Mental Health of Deaf People.
  In this article discrepancies are described  between a high burden of common mental health disorders and barriers to health care. Research into factors affecting mental health of deaf children shows that early access to effective communication with family members and peers is desirable. Improved access to health and mental health care can be achieved by provision of specialist services with professionals trained to directly communicate with deaf people and with sign-language interpreters. Source: PubMed 2012
• Middle Eastern (Arab/Chaldean) Patient: A Culturally Relevant, Culturally Sensitive, and Culturally Competent Approach
  This is a power-point presentation on culture and patient care; presents the CLAS Standards; and overview of  Muslim/Middle Eastern family dynamic, and examines the expectations and perceptions Middle Eastern patients have of their health. Source: Michigan State University College of Osteopathic Medicine 2012
• The Missing Element: Incorporating Culturally-specific Clinical Practices in HIV Prevention Programs for African-American Females.
  African American females are disproportionally affected with new cases of HIV. High risk sexual practices contribute significantly to the incidence and prevalence of this public health problem. It is critical for advance practice nurses to acknowledge the relevance of cultural sensitivity when providing optimal care to African-American females.  This article describes behavioral change interventions tailored to address cultural and socioeconomic aspects of HIV prevention among African-American females who attend historically black colleges and universities and is relevant for the African-American community at large. Source: PubMed 2010
• Mistaken assumptions and missed opportunities: correlates of undiagnosed HIV infection among black and Latino men who have sex with men
  This study identifies demographic, behavioral, and psychological variables associated with being HIV positive unaware among black and Latino men who have sex with men (MSM).
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• A Model for Cultural Competency in the HIV Management of African American Patients 2003
  Articles examines the challenges to provide culturally appropriate care to black patients who are infected with HIV.
• More Than Words: Language Barriers in Medicine (2009) Video which details how to meet the needs of patients with limited English speaking skills and how health care systems can find creative and low-cost solutions to help facilitate communication between patients and providers.
• Moving beyond "the down low": a critical analysis of terminology guiding HIV prevention efforts for African American men who have secretive sex with men.
  HIV continues to affect African American populations in the United States at disproportionate levels. Recent reports have described potentially high-risk behaviors of African American men who identify as heterosexual but who engage in secretive sex with other men.
  Source: PubMed 2009
• Moving beyond the language barrier: the communication strategies used by international medical graduates in intercultural medical encounters
  This article discusses communication strategies international medical graduates use in medical interactions to overcome language and cultural barriers.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• MSM: resurgent epidemics
  The present review discusses the recent finding on behavioral risk factors for HIV transmission from cohort studies in MSM.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Muslim patients and cross-gender interactions in medicine: an Islamic bioethical perspective
  In an effort to explore the impact of Islam on the relationship between patients and providers, this study presents an Islamic bioethical perspective on cross-gender relations in the patient-doctor relationship.
  Source: Pubmed 2011

N

• National HIV/AIDS Strategy (NHAS)
  Resource outlining the National HIV/AIDS strategy as coordinated by the White House Office of National AIDS Policy.
• National HIV/AIDS Strategy Operational Plan 2011
  The National HIV/AIDS Strategy Operational Plan was designed to promote a coordinated effort between Federal agencies, community organizations, and other health care settings to respond to the domestic HIV epidemic. The three primary goals of the strategy include:  Reducing the n umber of Veterans who become infected with HIV; Increasing access to care and improving health outcomes for Veterans living with HIV; and reducing HIV-related health disparities. 2011
• National Origin Discrimination
• National Standards on Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services (CLAS)
  The CLAS standards are primarily directed at health care organizations. Individual providers are also encouraged to use the standards to make their practices more culturally and linguistically accessible. Source: Office of Minority Health 2007
  
• Non-conventional practices and immune functioning among individuals receiving conventional care for HIV
  The objective of this study was to examine the relationships among non-conventional practices, adherence and immune functioning in individuals with HIV.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Not One More: Fighting AIDS in Communities of Color
  This document makes recommendations to improve HIV/AIDS Services to American Indians, Native Americans, Alaskan Natives and Native Hawaiians. Source: NMAC 2009

O

• Older and Wiser: Many Faces of HIV - Part 1
  This video is about 50 and over patients with HIV
  
• Older and Wiser: Many Faces of HIV - Part 2
  This video is about 50 and over patients with HIV
• Older Latina Women and HIV/AIDS: An Examination of Sexuality and Culture as They Relate to Risk and Protective Factors.
  Older Latina women are one of the least studied American demographic groups with regard to social, health, or sexual behavior. Currently, older Latina women are one of the fastest growing groups of new AIDS cases. The article addresses risk and protective factors related to gender roles, traditional Latino family values, religion, socioeconomic factors, health, and health care, with special attention to the triple jeopardy faced by this population by virtue of being female, seniors, and minorities. The article concludes with recommendations for the development of culturally competent practices with older Latinas and the development of a research agenda to better understand their risk-related and health-seeking behavior. Source: PubMed 2009
  
• Once-daily antiretroviral therapy among treatment-experienced Muslim patients fasting for the month of Ramadan
  This study evaluates once-daily antiretroviral therapy compared to twice daily ART among Nigerian Muslims patients fasting for the month of Ramadan.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Overcoming health literacy barriers: a model for action
  A large influx of Indonesian immigrants seeking asylum from racial and religious persecution alerted providers in a New Hampshire community to the need for specific cultural knowledge about this ethnic group, in order to provide effective care. The providers sought to develop health education programs that provided knowledge and tools to overcome misunderstandings between providers and clients. The goal was to improve communication, improve health literacy, and prevent health disparities. A framework to understand factors that affect health literacy for local Indonesian asylum seekers guided community health education. Written educational materials for programs informed providers about health literacy barriers for this population. Community outreach engaged local pastors and interpreters as cultural brokers who collaborated with nurses to develop and implement culturally sensitive programs.
  PubMed  2011

P

• Partner communication and HIV testing among US Chinese college students
  The objectives of this study were to explore the role of partner communication and relationship status on HIV testing among Chinese/Chinese American college students in northern California.
  Source: PubMed May-June 2010
• Partnering with community agencies to provide nursing students with cultural awareness experiences and refugee health promotion access
  Refugees' cultural beliefs, communication barriers, and low health literacy may lead to health disparities. This article describes a teaching-learning strategy emphasizing the community partnership between a baccalaureate school of nursing, an immigrant-refugee program, and a community literacy program in a rural state. Senior community health nursing students partnered with an immigrant-refugee program and a community literacy program to provide health promotion and prevention services to recently immigrated Hmong and Russian refugees. The group identified refugees’ priority health needs. Based on the needs assessment, nursing students designed and implemented culturally appropriate health promotion and prevention education modules. Students collaborated with community agencies and businesses to increase access to health resources for these vulnerable populations. Students increased their cultural awareness and refugees increased their understanding of U.S. health care, and experienced increased care access.
  Source: PubMed 2009
  
• Patient-centered Care for Muslim Women: Provider and Patient Perspectives.
  The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to address the gap in existing literature regarding provider perspectives about provision of high-quality, culturally appropriate, patient-centered care to Muslim women in the United States and (2) to explore congruence between provider and patient perceptions regarding barriers to and recommendations for providing such care.  The findings of this study can guide future research aimed at ensuring high-quality, culturally appropriate, patient-centered healthcare for Muslim women in the United States and other western countries. Source: PubMed 2011
• Patient-centered culturally sensitive health care: Model testing and refinement
  This article presents the results of an empirical test of a literature-based Patient-Centered Culturally Sensitive Health Care Model. The model was developed to explain and improve health care for ethnically diverse patients seen in community-based primary care clinics.
  Source: PubMed May 2011
  
• A Patient-Centered Guide to Implementing Language Access Services in Healthcare Organizations
  This guide is intended to help healthcare organizations implement effective language access services to meet the needs of their limited-English-proficient patients, and increase their access to health care. Source: Office of Minority Health 2010
• Perceptions of HIV/AIDS by deaf gay men
  Deaf gay men represent a subpopulation of the gay male community at particularly high risk for HIV/AIDS due to numerous barriers including language, stigma, and inequitable access to health services. Study participants  described living at the intersection of multiple communities--the deaf, gay, and hearing--each characterized by unique communication styles, cultural expectations, and a propensity to marginalize outsiders. Health care providers were perceived as lacking compassion and largely ignorant to the needs of deaf persons, in general, and deaf gay men, in particular. Printed HIV materials were considered culturally inappropriate, incomprehensible, and ineffective. These findings suggest an extraordinary risk for adverse mental and physical health outcomes if care is not appropriately designed for this vulnerable population.
  Source: PubMed July-August 2004
  
• Persistence of racial differences in attitudes toward homosexuality in the United States
  Stigma may mediate some of the observed disparity in HIV infection rates between black and white men who have sex with men.
  Source: Pubmed 2010
• Physicians' attitude towards treating refugee patients
  The refugee patient's complex problems represent a challenge for primary and secondary health care. Language problems and cultural differences may cause difficulties in understanding symptoms and ailments. The authors conducted this study to assess how physicians relate to and perceive their competence for treating this patient group. The study sample was Norwegian physicians, who answered survey questions to self-report on issues related to cultural competence and challenges in providing care. Large percentages of respondents reported difficulties in getting expert advice and with referring patients to psychiatric care when it was needed.
  PubMed Aug 2009
• Position Statement on Health Care Access for Deaf Patients
  This paper discusses that healthcare is routinely inaccessible to deaf people due to communication and linguistic barriers. The evidence is compelling that deaf individuals have insufficient access to health care. This results primarily from communication barriers in the health care system. Access in the form of effective communication must be created and consistently provided to create an optimal health care system.  Providers should identify and document the needs of their patients and provide a range of effective communication options to ensure that quality services are delivered.  At the very minimum, existing federal laws under Section 504 and the ADA require health care providers to ensure that such effective communication is achieved. Source: NAD 2008
• Primary Care Provider Cultural Competence and Racial Disparities in HIV Care and Outcomes. 
  Provider cultural competence was associated with the quality and equity of HIV care. These findings suggest that enhancing provider cultural competence may reduce racial disparities in healthcare quality and outcomes.  Source: PubMed 2013
• Primary Care of Veterans with HIV – Manual. 2009
• Problem Posing and Cultural Tailoring: Developing an HIV/AIDS Health Literacy Toolkit with the African American community. 
  The rate of HIV infection among African Americans is disproportionately higher than for other racial groups in the United States. This article suggests that  low level of health literacy (HL) is an underlying factor to explain racial disparities in the prevalence and incidence of HIV/AIDS. The present research describes a community and university project to develop a culturally tailored HIV/AIDS HL toolkit in the African American community to address this service delivery issue. Paulo Freire's pedagogical philosophy and problem-posing methodology served as the guiding framework throughout the development process of the toolkit.  The discussion in the article highlights how Freire's pedagogical philosophy and methodology enhances the development of culturally tailored health information intervention tool.  Source: PubMed 2011
• Promoting Cultural Diversity and Cultural and Linguistic Competency: Self-Assessment Checklist for Personnel Providing Services and Supports to LGBTQ Youth and Their Families
  The checklist is included in a chapter entitled "Conducting Cultural and Linguistic Competence Self-Assessment" (Goode, T. & Fisher, S.), in Addressing the Mental Health Needs of Youth who are LGBTQ and their Families, Sylvia Fisher, Gary Blau & Jeffrey Poirier, editors, Brookes Publishing. It is anticipated that the book will be published in late spring/early summer.
  Source: National Center for Cultural Competence, 2012
• Psychological and cultural correlates of depression among Hispanic men with HIV infection: a pilot study
  The purpose of this pilot study was to describe the relationships between depression and other psychosocial factors (self-esteem, Hispanic stress, substance abuse and violence) and cultural factors (familism and Hispanic stress) among a sample of Hispanic men with HIV infection.
  Source: PubMed February 2012
  
• Public health responses to the HIV epidemic among black men who have sex with men: A qualitative study of US health departments and communities
  In the United States, Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. Thus, there is a need to understand the challenges facing health departments and community-based organizations responding to the HIV epidemic among this population
  Source: Pubmed 2009
• Public Health Responses to the HIV Epidemic Among Black Men Who Have Sex With Men: A Qualitative Study of US Health Departments and Communities AJPH 2009
  This articles discusses Black men, in the United States, who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. Thus, there is a need to understand the challenges facing health departments and community-based organizations responding to the HIV epidemic among this population. We interviewed 71 AIDS program directors, health department staff, and leaders of community-based organizations in 9 states and the District of Columbia. Participants identified psychosocial factors, a lack of capacity-building efforts, and stigma as barriers to HIV prevention responses targeting Black MSM.
• Public Law 106-525, the Minority Health and Health and Health Disparities Research Act
  In 2000, this law was enacted which established the National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities within the National Institutes of Health.

Q

• A Qualitative Study of the Barriers and Facilitators to Retention-in-Care Among HIV-Positive Women in the Rural Southeastern United States: Implications for Targeted Interventions
  The objective of the current study was to assess barriers and facilitators to HIV clinic visit adherence among HIV-positive women in the rural southeastern region of the United States
  Source: PubMed 2010

R

• Racial/Ethnic Disparities among Children with Diagnoses of Perinatal HIV Infection---34 States, 2004-2007
  This report characterizes the most recent trends in diagnoses of perinatal HIV infection by race andethnicity, using national HIV surveillance data for the period 2004-2007 from 34 states.
  Source: PubMed 2010
• Recently Released with HIV/AIDS: Primary Care Treatment Needs and Experiences
  The research objectives of this study are to describe the re-entry experiences of people recently released from jail who were living with HIV/AIDS, and to identify factors that influence their access to primary care and adherence to a treatment regimen.
  Source: PubMed 2007
• Recruiting intergenerational African American males for biomedical research Studies: a major research challenge
  In an effort to understand perspectives about African American level of participation, motivation for participation, impact of education and engagement in research, this study explores factors that impact their willingness to participate.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Refugee Health Providers Manual
  This manual is a resource for health care and social service providers who serve refugees. It describes in detail the process of refugee resettlement, expectations for the refugee health screening, and cultural profiles describing some of the refugee groups being resettled in Rhode Island.
  OMH-RIHD May 2007
• Refugee resettlement to the United States: recommendations for a new approach
  This article compares outcomes of resettlement strategies for two Laotian immigrant populations: Hmong and Thai Dam. Authors discuss the prevalence of psychosocial challenges faced by many Hmong immigrants to the United States, including difficulties with acculturation, welfare dependency, psychiatric disorder, mistrust, malignant youth gangs, and violence. These issues are much less prevalence among members of the Thai Dam tribal group. Strategies used for resettlement of these two groups differed greatly. Based on these differences, the author recommends a refugee resettlement strategy aimed at improved mental health and optimal acculturation for future refugee groups.
  PubMed  Aug, 2011
• Regulations and Nondiscrimination Laws Enforced by OCR That May Apply to Providers
• The Relation between Deaf Patients and the Doctor. 
  This study discusses that non-verbal communication is important when caring for deaf patients, fostering excellence in health care. When deaf patients and physicians meet, they need to overcome communication barriers that may hinder the necessary bond in healthcare and the care that is provided; this may also affect the diagnosis and treatment. It is clear that public institutions should create programs for training healthcare professionals in the appropriate care of deaf patients. Source: PubMed 2009
• Relationship between complementary/alternative treatment use and illicit drug use among a cohort of women with, or at risk for, HIV infection
  The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and illegal substance use in a cohort of women with HIV or at risk for HIV disease.
  Source: Pubmed 2010
• Religion, spirituality, and older adults with HIV: critical personal and social resources for an aging epidemic
  This paper presents a model of barriers to successful aging with HIV, along with a discussion of how spirituality and religiousness may help people overcome these barriers. From this synthesis, implications for practice and research to improve the quality of life of this aging population are provided.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Religious values and healthcare accommodations: voices from the American Muslim community. PubMed 2012 
  The authors conducte 13 focus groups in Michigan mosques to gather qualitative data on culturally competence clinical care for Muslim Americans. Responses yielded three key recommendations for healthcare accommodations: gender-concordant care, halal food, and neutral prayer space. The authors state that these accommodations will facilitate trusting and respectful patient-provider relationships and improve patients’ healthcare experiences.
• The R.E.S.P.E.C.T Model of Cross–Cultural Communication
  Date: 1998
  Source: Welch, M.
• Risk perception and beliefs regarding HIV infection among Ethiopian immigrants
  In Ethiopia, approximately 7.5% of the urban population is HIV-positive. Nationally, 1.5 million people are living with HIV. Between 1990 and 2000, immigration into the United States by African-born immigrants increased by 130%.  Individuals from Ethiopia comprise a significant portion of this immigrant population. Although there is a rich literature addressing the beliefs regarding HIV and risk perception among some immigrant populations in the United States, few studies target Ethiopian-born residents. Thus, a survey-based study addressing demographics, acculturation, awareness, beliefs and risk perception, attitudes toward susceptibility for infection, and risk behaviors targeted Ethiopian-born residents of San Diego, California.
  Source: PubMed October 2009
• The Role of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Integrative Preventive Medicine.
  
• Role of Mobile Health in the Care of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse US Populations
  Emerging trends in the health-related use of cell phones include the proliferation of mobile health applications for the care and monitoring of patients with chronic diseases and the rise in cell phone usage by Latinos and African Americans in the United States. This article reviews public policy in four areas with the goal of improving the care of patients belonging to culturally and linguistically diverse populations.
  Source: AHiMA 2011
• Role-reversal Exercise with Deaf Strong Hospital to Teach Communication Competency and Cultural Awareness. 
  This paper discusses a role-reversal exercise to increase first-year pharmacy students' awareness of communication barriers in the health care setting, especially for deaf and hard-of-hearing patients. Source: PubMed 2011

S

• Screening for HIV-Infection During the Refugee Domestic Medical Examination
  This paper summarizes Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines regarding HIV screening for refugees.  Since January 4th, 2010 refugees are not screened for HIV prior to arrival in the U.S. Current CDC guidelines recommend that all persons between 13 and 64 years of age be screened for HIV in health care settings. CDC also encourages screening for people of all ages. CDC recommends screening for HIV-2 for refugees who test positive for HIV and who may have been exposed in identified high-risk African countries. CDC recommends opt-out screening as part of the domestic screening examination. Guidelines emphasize the importance of cultural and linguistic competence in providing testing, diagnostic, treatment, and referral services.
  CDC April, 2012
• Senate Passes Cultural Competency Bill
  Bill 97 directs the Oregon Health Authority and 18 health professional regulatory boards to develop guidelines and standards for providing culturally competent care to minority groups. With increasing numbers of immigrants and refugees moving to Oregon, other advocates said, integrating cultural competency into healthcare is essential.
  Source: Lund Report 2011
• Sensitive Care for the Deaf: A Cultural Challenge.
  This article discusses the deaf community, their culturally based health care needs, and health care providers' (HCPs) lack of understanding and recognition of deafness as a distinct culture, which individually or cumulatively result in barriers to receiving culturally sensitive care that can lead to disparities in care. It suggests transcultural methods can be used to narrow the cultural divide. Source: PubMed 2011
• Sexual Diversity: An Interview with Gay and Lesbian Coalition of Kenya (GALCK)
  HIV infection among gay men contributes significantly to the HIV epidemic in Kenya. In Kenya, the GTZ Health Sector Program targets sexual minorities such as LGBTI in its sexual and reproductive health interventions.
• Sexual health competence of international medical graduate psychiatric residents in the United States
  This study focuses on sexual health competence level of international medical graduates psychiatric residents.
  Source: Pubmed 2010
• Sexual Health of Adolescents and Young Adults in the United States Fact Sheet
  This fact sheet provides key data on sexual activity, pregnancy, contraceptive use, prevalence of STIs among teenagers and young adults, and access to reproductive health services
  Source: KFF 2011
• Sexual vulnerability and HIV seroprevalence among the deaf and hearing impaired in Cameroon
  This quantitative cross-sectional study examines sexual behaviour of a target group of hearing-impaired persons in Yaounde, the capital city of the Republic of Cameroon. It measures their HIV prevalence to enable assessment of their sexual vulnerability and to help reduce the gap in existing HIV serology data among people with disabilities in general and the deaf in particular.
  Source: PubMed February 2010
  
• Social and cultural meanings of self-rated health: Arab immigrants in the United States
  This study examined the general criteria used to explain a self-rated health (SRH) selection and the culturally embedded rationales individuals employ to construct meanings of health.
  Source: Pubmed 2010
• Social Marginalization and Children's Rights: HIV-affected children in the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
  This article examines the social epidemiology of HIV/AIDS within a Caribbean context and the specific ways in which children are affected. In particular, the article explores the nature of risk and vulnerability among especially marginalized children: street children.
  Source: PubMed 2009
• Sociocultural and Structural Barriers to Care among Undocumented Latino Immigrants with HIV Infection
  This study offers insight into the unique sociocultural and structural barriers faced by undocumented Latinos with HIV infection. Understanding and addressing these barriers will prove vital in the development and implementation of strategies to promote early entry into HIV care.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• The State of Care for Veterans with HIV/AIDS
  The purpose of this report is to characterize the US Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) Veterans Health Administration (VHA) state of care for its population of Veterans in care for HIV disease. The first step in providing responsive care is to learn about the affected population. This State of Care report describes the distribution of Veterans with HIV/AIDS within VHA and provides basic demographic data on this population. Additionally, the report describes pharmacologic treatment, other conditions commonly seen with HIV, monitoring, screening, and vaccinations. This report is intended to provide data which can be used to assess and guide intervention to improve the quality of care VHA delivers to Veterans with HIV/AIDs. (updated from 2009 to 2019)
• Strategies for providing cultural competent health care for Hmong Americans. PubMed 2010
  This paper enumerates the barriers to providing health care to Hmong Americans and presents approaches for demonstrating respect for Hmong culture when providing quality health care. The authors emphasize the value of cultural exchange.
• Sticking to Your Meds While Stuck Behind Bars: Tips from a Prison Doctor
  This article identifies various tips for HIV positive prisoners to stay on track with their HIV meds while incarcerated
  Source: TB 2009
• Stigma and Health Policy The USAID | Health Policy Initiative 2010
  This paper discusses Provider stigma in the healthcare setting.
• Stigma: barrier to quality of life and health care
  Stigma surrounding HIV/AIDS continues to be a growing obstacle to quality of life and access to health care for those infected.
  Source: Deltaaetc 2011
• Study on HIV Related Stigma and Discrimination Among People Living with HIV/AIDS and their Family Members
  This article addresses the perceived stigma and discrimination and received stigma and discrimination as well as the differences and reasons of them among people living with HIV/AIDS and their family members.
  Source: PubMed 2010
• A systematic review of education for the prevention of HIV/AIDS among older adults PubMed 2012
  The authors conducted a systematic literature review on primary prevention of HIV/AIDS among adults aged 50 and older.  They summarize challenges to prevention, clinical guidelines, and HIV/AIDS education models. The authors conclude that additional research on effective prevention and additional outreach efforts are needed to provide adequate services to people in this age group.
• A system-wide intervention to improve HIV testing in the Veterans Health Administration
  Although the benefits of identifying and treating asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals are firmly established, health care providers often miss opportunities to offer HIV-testing.The objective of this study is to evaluate whether a multi-component intervention increases the rate of HIV diagnostic testing.

T

• Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF)
• Tips for HIV clinicians working with Methamphetamine Users
  This document was designed to inform clinicians on best approaches to engaging and keeping in care, Methamphetamine users living with HIV.
  Source: Pacific AIDS Education and Training Center 2010
• A Tool for Serving Diverse Communities US Administration on Aging
  This Toolkit provides the Aging Network and its partners with replicable and easy-to-use methods for providing respectful, inclusive, and sensitive services for any diverse community….
  Source: USAA
• Top Health Issues for LGBT Populations Information & Resource Kit
  This publication informs health care providers and prevention specialists about the health experiences of LGBT populations. Source: SAMHSA 2012
• Traditional Asian Health Beliefs & Healing Practices  DOC 2011
  This article discusses the basic concepts behind the traditional medicines and healing practices of Asian cultures.
• Traditional Chinese Herbal Medicines for Treating HIV Infections and AIDS.
  This is a study to assess the effects of TCHM on patients with HIV infection and AIDS.
  Due to the limited number of RCTs for included trials and the small sample size of each study, researchers were not able to draw firm conclusions concerning TCHM therapy in treating patients with HIV infection and AIDS. Source: PubMed 2012
• Transgender HIV/AIDS Health Services. Best practices Guidelines
  This document discusses issues related to health needs of transgender individuals living with HIV/AIDS, and identifies ways to improve delivery of services to this community.
  Source Pubmed 2010
• Translation Tool (modified)
  Search the glossary for an HIV-related term to see its definition in both English and Spanish. En español
  Source: AIDSinfo 2011
• Training Nurses in Patient Communication, Central Coast Children’s Foundation, Inc. 2010
  This annotated bibliography provides information about, and links to publications that contain practical information and ideas about how to improve approaches to training nurses in the area of effective communication.
  Source: PubMed 2010
  
• A Traves de Nuestros Ojos (Through Our Eyes): Promoting Health and Social Equity to Address HIV/AIDS Among Latino Gay Men
  The study represents LGM voices from diverse socio-economic backgrounds across the U.S. and gives voice to those who, as state health officials and CBOs, are responsible for providing HIV prevention and care and treatment services to LGM. 2011
• Treatment of HIV Marginalized Patients: An Approach to Documenting Medical and Psychosocial Appointments of Patients with Problematic Drug Use
  This paper is to document compliance with medical and psychosocial appointments for HIV/AIDS treatment in a population of marginalized individuals with problematic drug use.
  Source: PubMed 2009
• T-SISTA: A Resource Guide for Adapting SISTA for Transwomen of Color UCSF 2010
  This is a guide to assist transwomen of color, SISTA (Sisters Informing Sisters about Topics on
  AIDS) to reduce HIV risk behaviors.

U

• Understanding the health needs of incarcerated men living with HIV/AIDS: a primary health care approach
  This article presents a review of the literature on the health needs of incarcerated men living with HIV/AIDS.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
  This report provided a conclusive body of evidence that racial and ethnic disparities do exist and result in deleterious consequences for these populations and that inequities are entrenched in the US health care system. The IOM described the essential role of cultural competence in addressing disparities in health care.
  Source: Institute of Medicine (IOM), 2002
• Unmet Needs Assessment Report: Ryan White Part A New Haven-Fairfield Counties Transitional Grant Area
  This report was developed to help determine service gaps and barriers in the continuum of care for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH/A). Results of this client-centered activity are used to establish service priorities, document the need for specific services, determine barriers to accessing care, provide baseline data for comprehensive planning, including capacity building, and help providers improve the access and quality of service, especially to Severe Need Groups (SNGs)1 including IDUs.
  Source: The New Haven-Fairfield Ryan White-HIV Health Services Planning Council and Yale University
• Updated Slide Set: HIV Surveillance in Adolescents and Young Adults, CDC 2018
  Slides on HIV infection surveillance in adolescents and young adults, with updated information from the 2010 HIV surveillance report. (updated from 2010 to 2018)
• The urgency of providing comprehensive and integrated treatment for substance abusers with HIV
  Substance abuse is linked to many new cases of HIV infection. Barriers such as the myth that drug users cannot adhere to HIV/AIDS treatment block progress in curbing the spread of HIV in that population. This article explains the need to aggressively seek out high-risk, hard-to-reach substance abusers and to offer them HIV testing, access to treatment, and the necessary support to remain in treatment--both for HIV and for substance abuse.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Use of Commercial Sex Workers among Hispanic Migrants in North Carolina: Implications for the Spread of HIV
  This study examines commercial sex workers use among a randomly selected sample of foreign-born Hispanics in Durham, North Carolina
  Source: GI 2011
• Use of Complementary & Alternative Therapies in Homeless Health Care. This issue of Healing Hands explains what is meant by CAM, describes the major theoretical systems and practices it comprises, and discusses therapies currently used by Health Care for the Homeless (HCH) practitioners—including nutritional supplements, acupuncture, and mindfulness-based stress reduction—and the extent to which their efficacy has been tested. 2008
• Using Campinha-Bacote's process of cultural competence model to examine the relationship between health literacy and cultural competence
  This paper presents a discussion of the relation between health literacy and cultural competence in nursing practice.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Using culturally sensitive media messages to reduce HIV-associated sexual behavior in high-risk African American adolescents: results from a randomized trial
  The purpose of this study is to test the long-term effects of a mass media intervention that used culturally and developmentally appropriate messages to enhance HIV-preventive beliefs and behavior of high-risk African American adolescents.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Using a medical interpreter, 2010

V

• Voluntary rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing in jails
  Effects of providing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rapid testing to persons in jails, identify previously undiagnosed cases of HIV infection, and refer HIV-infected inmates to care, treatment, and prevention services 2009
• Vulnerability of older Latino and Asian immigrants with limited English proficiency
  This analysis was conducted to explore the implications of limited English proficiency (LEP) for disparities in health status and healthcare service use of older Latino and Asian immigrants.
  Source: Pubmed 2011

W

• What are Asian and Pacific Islanders’ HIV prevention Needs? 2007.
  This fact sheet outlines the issues faced by Asians and Pacific Islanders (APIs). APIs are extremely diverse and represent 49 different ethnic groups and over 100 languages.
• What are Black Women's HIV Prevention Needs? March 2009
  This fact sheet addresses the number of challenges that African American women face that contribute to their higher rates of HIV infection.
• What are transgender men’s HIV prevention needs? Fact Sheet  UCSF 2010
  This fact sheet discusses the transgender community is diverse and not enough
  research has been conducted with trans people in general.  It also indicates there is limited information about transmen.
• What do deaf high school students know about HIV?
  Deaf adolescents who use American Sign Language (ASL) as their main communication mode are, like their hearing age peers, at risk for acquiring HIV. Many sources of HIV information (radio and television) are not accessible to these adolescents. The authors discuss this population’s need for school-based linguistically and culturally accessible HIV prevention education.
  Source: PubMed December 2010
  
• What is a Covered Entity?
• What is Ayurvedic Medicine? (Fact Sheet)
  Source: AIDSInfo 2010
• What’s Culture got to do with HIV/AIDS?
  2007
• What's Hard About Living with HIV/AIDS When You're Over 50? 2011
  
• When health care isn’t caring
  This survey is the first to examine refusal of care and barriers to health care among LGTB and HIV communities on a national scale.
  Source: Lambda 2011
• What do we know about older adults and HIV? A review of social and behavioral literature
  This review assesses the state of knowledge of the sociocultural and behavioral factors associated with aging with HIV.
  Source: Pubmed 2011
• Why Gather Data On Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity in Clinical Settings
  This report explains that gathering sexual orientation and gender identity data from patients is essential to providing appropriate health care to lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people, who face significant documented health disparities. It also helps providers to better understand these disparities.
  Source: The Fenway Institute 2012
• Women and HIV/AIDS in the United States KFF Fact Sheet 2011
  Women of color, particularly Black women, have been especially hard hit and represent the majority of new HIV infections and AIDS diagnoses among women
  Source: KFF 2011
• Women and HIV/AIDS in the United States  Fact Sheet
  Women have been affected by HIV/AIDS since the beginning of the epidemic, an impact that has grown over time. Women of color, particularly Black women, have been especially hard hit and represent the majority of new HIV infections and AIDS diagnoses among women, and the majority of women living with the disease
  Source: KFF  July 2012

X

Y

• YOUR Blessed Health: an HIV-prevention program bridging faith and public health communities.
  African American faith-based institutions are not necessarily equipped to balance their moral and spiritual missions and interpretation of religious doctrine with complex health issues such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). YOUR Blessed Health (YBH) is a faith-based, six-month pilot project designed to increase the capacity of faith-based institutions and faith leaders to communicate about and address HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in 11- to 19-year-old African Americans. In addition to increasing the knowledge and skills of young people, the intervention seeks to change churches' norms to provide more open settings where young people can talk with faith leaders about sex, relationships, STIs, and HIV/AIDS. YBH expands the roles of adult faith leaders, particularly pastors' spouses, to include health education as they implement the intervention in their congregations and communities. The intervention includes a flexible menu of activities for faith leaders to select from according to their institutional beliefs, doctrines, and culture.
  Source: PubMed January 2011
  

Z