Knowledge Center

Background

• Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Center for Consumer Information and Insurance Oversight. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Guidance on Dept. of Treasury guidance on and Special Enrollment Period for Victims of Domestic Abuse. March 31, 2014.

• The terms intimate partner violence (IPV) and domestic violence (DV) are often used interchangeably. While the term IPV is used throughout this issue brief for consistency, the individual statutes and policies cited may have originally employed the term DV

• "Domestic and intimate partner violence"                                                                                                            

• Matthew J. Breiding, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization — National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 63:SS08 (2014), 1-18.

• Administration for Children and Families. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, “The Affordable Care Act & Women’s Health,” 2013. Accessed, September 10, 2014. http://www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/fysb/aca_fvpsa_20131211.pdf
• Internal Revenue Service. Final and Temporary Regulations. “Rules Regarding the Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit.“ 79 FR 43622. July 28, 2014. Internal Revenue Service. Notice 2014–23: Eligibility for Premium Tax Credit for Victims of Domestic Abuse. April 14, 2014.
  

Domestic Component

• Reed A. C. Siemieniuk, et al. “The Clinical Implications of High Rates of Intimate Partner Violence Against HIV-Positive Women.” JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 64:1(2013): 32-38.

• Sally Zierler, et al. “Violence Victimization After HIV Infection in a U.S. Probability Sample of Adult Patients in Primary Care.” American Journal of Public Health. 90:2(2000): 208-215.
  

• Andrea Carlson Gielen, Karen A. McDonnell, Jessica G. Burke, and Patricia O’Campo. “Women’s Lives After an HIV-Positive Diagnosis: Disclosure and Violence.” Maternal and Child Health Journal. 4:2(2000):111-119.

• "The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey: Intimate Partner Violence in the United States — 2010. Atlanta, GA, 2014."

• Reed A. C. Siemieniuk, et al. “The Clinical Implications of High Rates of Intimate Partner Violence Against HIV-Positive Women.” JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 64:1(2013):32-38.

• "Intersection of Intimate Partner Violence and HIV in Women"

• "Presidential Memorandum -- Establishing a Working Group on the Intersection of HIV/AIDS, Violence Against Women and Girls, and Gender-related Health Disparities"

• "Intimate Partner Violence and the CDC’s Best-Evidence HIV Risk Reduction Interventions"

• "Sexual Minority Status and Violence Among HIV Infected and At-Risk Women"

• "Abuse, HIV Status and Health-Related Quality of Life among a Sample of HIV Positive and HIV Negative Low Income Women"

• "Is intimate partner violence associated with HIV infection among women in the United States?"

• "Fear of Violent Consequences and Condom Use among Women Attending a STD Clinic"

International Component

• "VIOLENCE AGAINST INTIMATE PARTNERS AND ASSOCIATIONS WITH INCONSISTENT CONDOM USE AMONG CLIENTS OF FEMALE SEX WORKERS IN HAITI"

• "Domestic Violence among Women Living with HIV/AIDS in Kano, Northern Nigeria"

• "Intimate Partner Violence Linked to HIV Infection Among Ugandan Women"

• Allison R. Webel, et al. “The Impact of Social Context on Self-Management in Women Living with HIV.” Social Science & Medicine. 87 (2013): 147–154.

Male Perspective, Domestic and International

• Among men overall, it is estimated that 23% have experienced sexual violence other than rape during their lifetimes. These rates are higher among gay and bisexual men, for whom lifetime prevalence of sexual violence other than rape was reported to be 40% and 47%, respectively. In another recent study 18% of gay and bisexual men reported having experienced forced-sex at some point in their lifetimes. With men too, the experience of HIV and IPV appear to be intertwined. Twelve percent of HIV positive men who reported having sex with men in one nationally representative study also reported experiencing violence by a partner or someone close to them since their diagnosis, with nearly half believing that the violence was related to their HIV status. (Sources: Matthew J. Breiding, et al. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence Victimization — National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey, United States, 2011. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 63:SS08 (2014), 1-18.; Mikel L. Walters, Jieru Chen, and Matthew J. Breiding. National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2010

• Findings on Victimization by Sexual Orientation. Atlanta, GA, 2013.; Liz Hamel, et al. Kaiser Family Foundation. “HIV/AIDS In The Lives Of Gay And Bisexual Men In The United States,” 2014.; Sally Zierler, et al. “Violence Victimization After HIV Infection in a U.S. Probability Sample of Adult Patients in Primary Care.” American Journal of Public Health. 90:2(2000): 208-215.)

• "Perspectives on intimate partner violence in Swaziland amongst 18-29-year-old men undergoing medical circumcision."

• "Same-Sex Relationship in a Straight World”: Individual and Societal Influences on Power and Control in Young Men’s Relationships"

• "In Malawi, HIV Prevalence Elevated Among Men Coerced into Having Sex"

Adolescent Component

• "Preventing Sexual Violence and HIV in Children"

Psychological Component

• Gina Dillon, Rafat Hussain, Deborah Loxton, and Saifur Rahman. “Mental and Physical Health and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: A Review of the Literature.” International Journal of Family Medicine, vol.2013 (2013).

• Kirsten Beronio, Rosa Po, Laura Skopec, and Sherry Glied. Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. ASPE Issue Brief: Affordable Care Act Expands Mental Health and Substance Use Disorder Benefits and Federal Parity Protections for 62 Million Americans. February 20, 2013.

• Mayumi Okuda, et al. “Mental Health of Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: Results From a National Epidemiologic Survey.” Psychiatric Services. 62:8 (2011),959-62.

• E. L. Machtinger, T. C. Wilson, J. E. Haberer, and D. S. Weiss. “Psychological Trauma and PTSD in HIV-Positive Women: A Meta-Analysis.” AIDS and Behavior. 16:8 (2012): 2091-2100.
• E. L. Machtinger, J. E. Haberer, T. C. Wilson, and D. S. Weiss. “Recent Trauma is Associated with Antiretroviral Failure and HIV Transmission Risk Behavior Among HIV-Positive Women and Female-Identified Transgenders.”AIDS and Behavior. 16:8(2012): 2160–2170.

• E. L. Machtinger, J. E. Haberer, T. C. Wilson, and D. S. Weiss. “Recent Trauma is Associated with Antiretroviral Failure and HIV Transmission Risk Behavior Among HIV-Positive Women and Female-Identified Transgenders.” AIDS and Behavior. 16:8(2012): 2160–2170.

• E.G. Bing, et al. “Psychiatric Disorders and Drug Use Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adults in the United States.” Archives of General Psychiatry. 58:8(2001),721-8.

Health Care Providers Component

• Office on Women’s Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. “Screening and Counseling Fact Sheet: Health Care Providers' Role in Screening and Counseling for Interpersonal and Domestic Violence,” 2013. Accessed, September 10, 2014.